OS previously Mac OS X, is a series of Unix-based graphical interface operating systems developed, marketed, and sold by Apple Inc. It is designed to run exclusively on Mac computers, having been pre-loaded on all Macs since 2002. It was the successor to Mac OS 9, released in 1999, the final release of the 'classic' Mac OS, which had been Apple's primary operating system since 1984. The first version released was Mac OS X Server 1.0 in 1999, and a desktop version, Mac OS X v10.0 'Cheetah' followed on March 24, 2001. Releases of OS X are named after big cats: for example, OS X v10.8 is referred to as 'Mountain Lion'.
OS X, whose X is the Roman numeral for 10 and is a prominent part of its brand identity, is built on technologies developed at NeXT between the second half of the 1980s and Apple's purchase of the company in late 1996. The 'X' is also used to emphasize the relatedness between OS X and UNIX. Versions 10.5 'Leopard' running on Intel processors, 10.6 'Snow Leopard', 10.7 'Lion' and 10.8 'Mountain Lion' have obtained UNIX 03 certification. iOS, which runs on the iPhone, iPod Touch, iPad, and the 2nd and 3rd generation Apple TV, shares the Darwin core and many frameworks with OS X. An unnamed variant of v10.4 powered the first generation Apple TV.
OS X originally ran on PowerPC-based Macs. In 2006, the first Intel Macs had a specialized version of 10.4 'Tiger'. In 2007, 10.5 'Leopard' was the first to run on both PowerPC and Intel Macs with the use of Universal Binaries. 10.6 'Snow Leopard' was the first version of OS X to drop support for PowerPC Macs. Mac OS X 10.7 'Lion' was the first version of OS X to drop support for 32-bit Intel processors and run exclusively on 64-bit Intel CPUs.
The server edition, OS X Server, was architecturally identical to its desktop counterpart, and included tools to facilitate management of workgroups of OS X machines, and to provide network services. Starting with v10.7 'Lion', OS X Server is no longer offered as a separate operating system product; instead, the server management tools are available for purchase separately, and are preloaded on the server models of Mac Pro and Mac Mini along with OS X.
OS X is based upon the Mach kernel. Certain parts from FreeBSD's and NetBSD's implementation of Unix were incorporated in NeXTSTEP, the core of Mac OS X. NeXTSTEP was the graphical, object-oriented, and UNIX-based operating system developed by Steve Jobs' company NeXT after he left Apple in 1985. While Jobs was away from Apple, Apple tried to create a 'next-generation' OS through the Taligent, Copland and Gershwin projects, with little success.
Eventually, NeXT's OS, then called OPENSTEP, was selected to be the basis for Apple's next OS, and Apple purchased NeXT outright. Steve Jobs returned to Apple as interim CEO, and later became CEO, shepherding the transformation of the programmer-friendly OPENSTEP into a system that would be adopted by Apple's primary market of home users and creative professionals. The project was first known as Rhapsody and was later renamed to Mac OS X.
Mac OS X Server 1.x, was incompatible with software designed for the original Mac OS and had no support for Apple's own IEEE 1394 (FireWire) interface. Mac OS X 10.x included more backward compatibility through Classic and more functionality by introducing the Carbon API as well as FireWire support. As the operating system evolved, it moved away from the legacy Mac OS to an emphasis on new 'digital lifestyle' applications such as the iLife suite, enhanced business applications (iWork), and integrated home entertainment (the Front Row media center).[18] Each version also included modifications to the general interface, such as the brushed metal appearance added in version 10.3, the non-pinstriped titlebar appearance in version 10.4, and in 10.5 the removal of the previous brushed metal styles in favor of the 'Unified' gradient window style.
In 2012, with the release of OS X Lion, the 'Mac' prefix was officially dropped in all references to the operating system name within marketing materials - and with OS X Mountain Lion 'Mac' was dropped in all references within the operating system itself.
OS X, whose X is the Roman numeral for 10 and is a prominent part of its brand identity, is built on technologies developed at NeXT between the second half of the 1980s and Apple's purchase of the company in late 1996. The 'X' is also used to emphasize the relatedness between OS X and UNIX. Versions 10.5 'Leopard' running on Intel processors, 10.6 'Snow Leopard', 10.7 'Lion' and 10.8 'Mountain Lion' have obtained UNIX 03 certification. iOS, which runs on the iPhone, iPod Touch, iPad, and the 2nd and 3rd generation Apple TV, shares the Darwin core and many frameworks with OS X. An unnamed variant of v10.4 powered the first generation Apple TV.
OS X originally ran on PowerPC-based Macs. In 2006, the first Intel Macs had a specialized version of 10.4 'Tiger'. In 2007, 10.5 'Leopard' was the first to run on both PowerPC and Intel Macs with the use of Universal Binaries. 10.6 'Snow Leopard' was the first version of OS X to drop support for PowerPC Macs. Mac OS X 10.7 'Lion' was the first version of OS X to drop support for 32-bit Intel processors and run exclusively on 64-bit Intel CPUs.
The server edition, OS X Server, was architecturally identical to its desktop counterpart, and included tools to facilitate management of workgroups of OS X machines, and to provide network services. Starting with v10.7 'Lion', OS X Server is no longer offered as a separate operating system product; instead, the server management tools are available for purchase separately, and are preloaded on the server models of Mac Pro and Mac Mini along with OS X.
OS X is based upon the Mach kernel. Certain parts from FreeBSD's and NetBSD's implementation of Unix were incorporated in NeXTSTEP, the core of Mac OS X. NeXTSTEP was the graphical, object-oriented, and UNIX-based operating system developed by Steve Jobs' company NeXT after he left Apple in 1985. While Jobs was away from Apple, Apple tried to create a 'next-generation' OS through the Taligent, Copland and Gershwin projects, with little success.
Eventually, NeXT's OS, then called OPENSTEP, was selected to be the basis for Apple's next OS, and Apple purchased NeXT outright. Steve Jobs returned to Apple as interim CEO, and later became CEO, shepherding the transformation of the programmer-friendly OPENSTEP into a system that would be adopted by Apple's primary market of home users and creative professionals. The project was first known as Rhapsody and was later renamed to Mac OS X.
Mac OS X Server 1.x, was incompatible with software designed for the original Mac OS and had no support for Apple's own IEEE 1394 (FireWire) interface. Mac OS X 10.x included more backward compatibility through Classic and more functionality by introducing the Carbon API as well as FireWire support. As the operating system evolved, it moved away from the legacy Mac OS to an emphasis on new 'digital lifestyle' applications such as the iLife suite, enhanced business applications (iWork), and integrated home entertainment (the Front Row media center).[18] Each version also included modifications to the general interface, such as the brushed metal appearance added in version 10.3, the non-pinstriped titlebar appearance in version 10.4, and in 10.5 the removal of the previous brushed metal styles in favor of the 'Unified' gradient window style.
In 2012, with the release of OS X Lion, the 'Mac' prefix was officially dropped in all references to the operating system name within marketing materials - and with OS X Mountain Lion 'Mac' was dropped in all references within the operating system itself.
Snow Leopard (OS X 10.6) is also the first Mac OS release since the introduction of System 7.1.2 that does not support the PowerPC architecture, as Apple now intends to focus on its current line of Intel-based products. Thus OS X supported PowerPC up to and including version 10.5 (Leopard). These might come with a pre-OS X version of Mac OS (Mac OS 7, 8, or 9). Some of the first PowerBook G3 laptops didn’t even include USB, although this is easily fixed with a Cardbus expansion card. I found one on eBay for $10 in the original packaging, with the driver CDs. For an even better bargain, you can buy a “spares or repair” Mac. This is the retail DVD version of Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger for Macs using the PowerPC architecture. (Will not work on Intel Macs). Download Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger for PPC for Mac MacOSXtiger.iso (2701.06 MiB / 2832.27 MB). But Mac OS X is an operating system that requires a whole lot of virtual memory, which requires something that can handle a lot of files moving around at all times, like a hard drive—or what I ultimately chose, a solid state drive. The SSD; the IDE adapter that holds it into place, its enclosure, and the hard drive it replaced.
Distribution and Languages
As of September 2011, OS X is the second-most-active general-purpose client operating system in use on the World Wide Web, (after Microsoft Windows), with an 8.45% usage share according to statistics compiled by W3Counter. It is the most successful Unix-like desktop operating system on the web, estimated at over 5 times the usage of Linux (which has 1.5%).
There are twenty-two 'System Languages' available for the user at the moment of installation (the 'system language' is the entire operating system environment). As of Mac OS X Lion, the languages are Arabic, Chinese (Simplified), Chinese (Traditional), Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Hebrew, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese (Brazilian), Portuguese (European), Russian, Spanish, Swedish and Turkish. Input methods for typing in dozens of scripts can be chosen independently of the system language.
There are twenty-two 'System Languages' available for the user at the moment of installation (the 'system language' is the entire operating system environment). As of Mac OS X Lion, the languages are Arabic, Chinese (Simplified), Chinese (Traditional), Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Hebrew, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese (Brazilian), Portuguese (European), Russian, Spanish, Swedish and Turkish. Input methods for typing in dozens of scripts can be chosen independently of the system language.
OSx86
OSx86 (from Mac OS X and x86) is a collaborative hacking project to run the Mac OS X computer operating system on non-Apple personal computers with x86 architecture and x86-64 compatible processors. The effort started soon after the June 2005 Worldwide Developers Conference announcement that Apple would be transitioning its personal computers from PowerPC to Intel microprocessors.
A computer built to run this type of Mac OS X is also known as a Hackintosh, a portmanteau of the word 'hack' and the name of Apple's main brand of computers, Macintosh. Hackintoshed notebook computers are also referred to as 'Hackbooks'.
The Apple software license does not allow Mac OS X to be used on a computer that is not 'Apple-branded'. The legality of this form of tying is disputed by companies such as Psystar, Bizon computer, PearC and MacPC who have attempted to release products using Mac OS on non Apple-machines. However, while the methods Apple uses to prevent Mac OS X from being installed on non-Apple hardware are protected from commercial circumvention in the United States by the DMCA, specific changes to the law regarding the concept of jailbreaking has thrown such and similar circumvention methods into a grey area when carried out by end-users for personal use.
A computer built to run this type of Mac OS X is also known as a Hackintosh, a portmanteau of the word 'hack' and the name of Apple's main brand of computers, Macintosh. Hackintoshed notebook computers are also referred to as 'Hackbooks'.
The Apple software license does not allow Mac OS X to be used on a computer that is not 'Apple-branded'. The legality of this form of tying is disputed by companies such as Psystar, Bizon computer, PearC and MacPC who have attempted to release products using Mac OS on non Apple-machines. However, while the methods Apple uses to prevent Mac OS X from being installed on non-Apple hardware are protected from commercial circumvention in the United States by the DMCA, specific changes to the law regarding the concept of jailbreaking has thrown such and similar circumvention methods into a grey area when carried out by end-users for personal use.
Do Macs have Intel processors?
Macs using a G3 processor cannot boot this operating system, as only G4 and G5 processors with a minimum 867 MHz clock speed are supported.
PowerPC Macs cannot boot this OS.
This is also the final release with Rosetta, allowing PowerPC software to run on an Intel Mac.
What CPUs do Macs use?
The slimline MacBook processor is known as Core M, designed specifically for low power mobile use. The MacBook Air and Mac mini have Haswell processors, as they were released in 2013. The Mac Pro uses a completely different family of Intel processors, designed for high-end workstations and known as Xeon.
Will Apple move away from Intel?
The move to ARM-based chips is said to be part of Apple’s effort to make Macs, iPhones, and iPads work together and run the same apps. Bloomberg earlier this week said that by 2021, Apple wants developers to be able to create one app that will work on iPhones, iPads, and Macs.
Does Intel make chips for Apple?
Every Mac uses a chip based on Intel Core technology, the next generation in processor design from the world’s leading chip maker. Whether in an ultra-sleek MacBook, or workstation class Mac Pro, Intel Core technology lets you get more power with less power.
Is my Mac Intel or PowerPC?
PPC = PowerPC, referring to the processor found in Macs before 2006 known as 601, 603, 604, G3, G4, and G5. Mt4setup exe mac. Intel is not PPC, and PPC is not Intel. If you have 10.6 or later Mac OS X installed, you don’t have a PPC.
What is the fastest Mac processor?
Find out which is Apple’s fastest Mac here. The entry-level model as the less speedy 1.2GHz dual-core Intel Core m3 processor with 256GB of flash storage. The higher-priced MacBook offers a slightly faster 1.3GHz dual-core Intel Core m5 processor, and 512GB flash storage.
Is i5 or i7 better?
Essentially, the Core i7 processors have more capabilities than Core i5 CPUs. They will be better for multitasking, multimedia tasks, high-end gaming, and scientific work. Core i7 processors are certainly aimed at people who complain that their current system is “too slow.”
What is the difference between Intel and AMD processors?
That said, AMD’s CPUs, especially at the mid-range and lower-end of the spectrum, do tend to offer slightly better value than Intel’s chips. Conversely, Intel CPUs have stronger single-core and gaming performance than even AMD’s best Threadripper CPUs.
What is the best processor?
Best Intel processor: Core i3, i5, i7 and i9 explained
- Picking a processor is one of the tougher choices you’ll make when buying a new desktop PC or laptop.
- Related: Intel Core i9-9900K review.
- Related: Best desktop PCs.
- Related: Best laptops.
- Related: Best graphics cards.
- Intel Core i3-8100.
- Intel Core i5-8400.
- Intel Core i5-8600K.
What Is Unix
What is the difference between Intel and ARM processors?
All processors are based around what’s called an “instruction set.” The programming language for these instructions is called assembly language. The core difference between ARM and x86 chips is their instruction set. x86 chips are CISC, which stands for “complex instruction set computing.”
What companies use Intel processors?
Intel supplies processors for computer system manufacturers such as Apple, Lenovo, HP, and Dell. Intel also manufactures motherboard chipsets, network interface controllers and integrated circuits, flash memory, graphics chips, embedded processors and other devices related to communications and computing.
How long does apple processing take?
In most cases, Apple can begin processing your order in approximately 45 minutes from the time you place your order on-line and may take longer depending on large quantity orders or method of payment. Open: Your order or order line has begun processing but has not yet shipped.
Does Apple replace Intel?
Apple will reportedly replace Intel chips in Macs with its own in 2020. Now, according to a report at Bloomberg, Apple plans to replace Intel’s Mac chips, starting as early as 2020. The process to replace Intel processors, called Kalamata internally, is still in the early stages, say Bloomberg’s sources.
Can you build a Mac computer?
Some Apple fans are building their own ‘Hackintoshes’ — Mac computers they build themselves. And they point to a weakness with Apple’s computer lineup. The only way to get Apple’s MacOS operating system is to buy one of Apple’s own Macs. The computer pictured above is running MacOS, but it’s not a Mac.
Where are Intel processors manufactured?
Wafer fabrication or manufacturing of Intel’s microprocessors and chip sets is conducted in the U.S. (Arizona, New Mexico, Oregon and Massachusetts). China, Ireland and Israel. Following manufacturing the majority of our components are then assembled and tested at facilities in Malaysia, China, Costa Rica and Vietnam.
When did Apple stop using PowerPC?
PowerPC to Intel. Rumors started in 2002 that Apple had a version of Mac OS X that ran on Intel’s processors. These rumors persisted until June 2005, when Jobs announced at the WWDC that just 11 years after the last major hardware shift, new Macs going forward would use Intel processors.
How do I know if my Mac is PowerPC based?
How to tell if a Mac has an Intel or PowerPC processor
- Locate the Finder icon in the Dock.
- Click the Finder icon so the program is active.
- From the Apple menu, choose About This Mac. You should see a window similar to the image on the right.
- The processor your machine uses is listed next to the Processor. In the example, this Mac is using an Intel Core 2 Duo processor.
What are PowerPC applications on Mac?
Personal Computers. Apple Computer was the dominant player in the market of personal computers based on PowerPC processors until 2006 when it switched to Intel-based processors. Apple used PowerPC processors in the Power Mac, iMac, eMac, PowerBook, iBook, Mac mini, and Xserve.
Are Macs worth it?
Apple computers cost a lot more than some PCs, but they’re worth their high price when you consider the value you get for your money. Macs get regular software updates that make them more capable over time. Bug fixes and patches are even available on older versions of MacOS to keep more vintage Macs safe.
What Mac is best for me?
Best Mac 2019: the best Macs to buy this year
- MacBook Pro (15-inch, Mid-2018) The most powerful MacBook ever made.
- iMac (27-inch, 2019) Now with 8th-generation processors.
- MacBook Pro with Touch Bar (13-inch, mid-2018) The same, but stronger.
- iMac Pro. Raw power.
- MacBook (2017)
- 13-inch MacBook Air (2018)
- Mac Mini 2018.
Which Apple laptop has the fastest processor?
Apple Os X
Review: The 2018 MacBook Pro with i9 processor is the fastest laptop Apple has ever made, but it could be better.
What is the fastest processor available today for notebooks?
The fastest laptops money can buy
- Alienware 17 R5. Enormous power courtesy of an 8th-gen Intel i9 processor.
- MSI GS65 Stealth. Enjoy blistering speed without compromising on looks.
- Acer Predator Helios 300. A powerful, fast gaming laptop that’s surprisingly affordable.
- Dell XPS 13.
- Apple Macbook Pro with Touch Bar 13-inch 2018.
What is the fastest PC processor?
Intel is shipping its fastest PC processor to date and its first with eight cores. The Core i7-5960X Extreme Edition chip, announced Friday, is aimed at gaming and high-performance desktops.
What is the most powerful processor?
Intel’s New 28 Core Monster 5GHz Desktop Processor Is Most Powerful Ever. Antony LeatherContributor. Intel has revealed what could be a major challenge to AMD’s Threadripper 2 processors in the form of its most powerful desktop CPU ever.
How long does it take for an order to process?
Orders placed during regular business hours (Monday through Friday, 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. PST) are typically processed and shipped within 24-48 business hours. Once an order has processed, delivery time depends on the chosen shipping method.
How long does Apple take to ship?
Today (Friday), it finally made the leap to “Shipped”. Based on the projected shipping time, it will arrive one day ahead of the original estimate when I ordered. So, the answer to the question of “how long does it take an Apple Store order to move from ‘Preparing for Shipment’ to ‘Shipped’” is “four days”.
What time will my Apple order arrive?
Easily track your order. Stay updated on your order and be notified when it’s ready for in-store pickup with the Apple Store app. For in-stock items, qualifying orders placed before 5pm Monday to Friday will be delivered in two business days. Orders placed after 5pm will be delivered in three business days.
Mac Os
Photo in the article by “Wikipedia”
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_Blue_versus_Garry_Kasparov
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